First inhabitants of the island were the Phoenics who came to the island with Memorial from whom the island first named Memorial. Relevant mythological version supports that the mythical person Membliaros discovered the island while he was traveling with Kadmos searching for Europe. In ancient years, in Anafi, it was very widespread the worship of the God Apollon. The temple in honor of this God was built in the position in which now stands the Monastery of Kalamiotisa. Mortal remains of the old town are saving in the Museum of Petroupolis and in the Archaeological Museum of Athens.